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Spie Press Book

Selected Papers on Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy
Editor(s): Barry R. Masters
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Book Description

In the last decade multiphoton excitation microscopy has emerged as an important technique with ever increasing numbers of significant applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and medicine. This volume contains key papers on the following topics: developments of nonlinear optical spectroscopy and nonlinear scanning microscopy (SHG, CARS); theory and techniques of multiphoton excitation microscopy; development of laser sources; single-molecule studies; and applications to biology, cell biology, embryology and developmental biology, neuroscience, dermatology, and optical biopsy. A comprehensive bibliography follows the reprinted papers.
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Book Details

Date Published: 7 February 2003
Pages: 694
ISBN: 9781510604490
Volume: MS175

Table of Contents
SHOW Table of Contents | HIDE Table of Contents
Section One
Historical Background
3 Uber Elementarakte mit zwei Quantensprungen Maria Goppert-Mayer (Annalen der Physik Leipzig 1931)
14 The scientific life of Maria Goppert-Mayer Barry R. Masters (Optics and Photonics News 2000)
Section Two
Developments of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy and Nonlinear
Scanning Microscopy Part 2.1 Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Scanning Microscopy
23 Generation of optical harmonics P.A. Franken, A.E. Hill, C.W. Peters, G. Weinreich (Physical Review Letters 1961)
25 Two-photon excitation in CaF2:Eu 2+ W. Kaiser, C.G.B. Garrett (Physical Review Letters 1961)
28 Nonlinear optical microscopic examination of structure in polycrystalline ZnSe Robert Hellwarth, Paul Christensen (Optics Communications 1974)
33 The scanning harmonic optical microscope C.J.R. Sheppard, J.N. Gannaway, R. Kompfner, D. Walsh (IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 1977)
34 Second-harmonic imaging in the scanning optical microscope J.N. Gannaway, C.J.R. Sheppard (Optical and Quantum Electronics 1978)
39 Resonant scanning optical microscope C.J.R. Sheppard, R. Kompfner (Applied Optics 1978)
43 Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy Winfried Denk, James H. Strickler, Watt W. Webb (Science 1990)
47 Nonlinear scanning laser microscopy by third harmonic generation Y. Barad, H. Eisenberg, M. Horowitz, Y. Silberberg (Applied Physics Letters 1997)
50 High-resolution nonlinear optical imaging of live cells by second harmonic generation Paul J. Campagnola, Mei-de Wei, Aaron Lewis, Leslie M. Loew (Biophysical Journal 1999)
59 Membrane imaging by second-harmonic generation microscopy L. Moreaux, O. Sandre, J. Mertz (Journal of the Optical Society of America B 2000)
Part 2.2 Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy
71 Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy Stefan W. Hell, Jan Wichmann (Optics Letters 1994)
74 Fluorescence lifetime imaging by asynchronous pump-probe microscopy C.Y. Dong, P.T.C. So, T. French, E. Gratton (Biophysical Journal 1995)
83 Focal spots of size /23 open up far-field fluorescence microscopy at 33 nm axial resolution Marcus Dyba, Stefan W. Hell (Physical Review Letters 2002)
Part 2.3 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) Microscopy
89 Scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman microscope M.D. Duncan, J. Reintjes, T.J. Manuccia (Optics Letters 1982)
92 Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti- Stokes Raman scattering Andreas Zumbusch, Gary R. Holtom, X. Sunney Xie (Physical Review Letters 1999)
96 CARS microscopy with folded BoxCARS phasematching M. M�ller, J. Squier, C.A. de Lange, G.J. Brakenhoff (Journal of Microscopy 2000)
105 An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E- CARS) microscope with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity Ji-xin Cheng, Andreas Volkmer, Lewis D. Book, X. Sunney Xie (Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2001)
109 Polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy Ji-Xin Cheng, Lewis D. Book, X. Sunney Xie (Optics Letters 2001)
Section Three
Theory and Techniques of Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy
Part 3.1 Theory and Techniques
117 Fundamental improvement of resolution with a 4Pi-confocal fluorescence microscope using two-photon excitation Stefan Hell, Ernst H.K. Stelzer (Optics Communications 1992)
123 Continuous wave excitation two-photon fluorescence microscopy P.E. Honninen, E. Soini, S.W. Hell (Journal of Microscopy 1994)
127 Comparison of three-dimensional imaging properties between two-photon and single-photon fluorescence microscopy Min Gu, C.J.R. Sheppard (Journal of Microscopy 1995)
137 Determination of absolute two-photon excitation cross sections by in situ second-order autocorrelation Chris Xu, Jeffrey Guild, Watt W. Webb, Winfried Denk (Optics Letters 1995)
140 Measurement of two-photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores with data from 690 to 1050 nm Chris Xu, Watt W. Webb (Journal of the Optical Society of America B 1996)
151 High-resolution axial and lateral position sensing using two-photon excitation of fluorophores by a continuous- wave Nd:YAG laser Ernst-Ludwig Florin, J.K. Heinrich Horber, Ernst H.K. Stelzer (Applied Physics Letters 1996)
154 Measurement of group delay dispersion of high numerical aperture objective lenses using two-photon excited fluorescence Jeffrey B. Guild, Chris Xu, Watt W. Webb (Applied Optics 1997)
159 Two-photon excitation by the evanescent wave from total internal reflection Ignacy Gryczynski, Zygmunt Gryczynski, Joseph R. Lakowicz (Analytical Biochemistry 1997)
167 Photonic force microscope based on optical tweezers and two-photon excitation for biological applications Ernst-Ludwig Florin, Arnd Pralle, J.K. Heinrich Horber, Ernst H.K. Stelzer (Journal of Structural Biology 1997)
177 Multiphoton excitation provides optical sections from deeper within scattering specimens than confocal imaging Victoria E. Centonze, John G. White (Biophysical Journal 1998)
187 Two-photon near- and far-field fluorescence microscopy with continuous-wave excitation Stefan W. Hell, Martin Booth, Stefan Wilms, Christoph M. Schnetter, Achim K. Kirsch, Donna J. Arndt-Jovin, Thomas M. Jovin (Optics Letters 1998)
190 Two-photon fluorescence excitation cross sections of bimolecular probes from 690 to 960 nm Marius A. Albota, Chris Xu, Watt W. Webb (Applied Optics 1998)
195 Combined scanning optical coherence and two-photon- excited fluorescence microscopy E. Beaurepaire, L. Moreaux, F. Amblard, J. Mertz (Optics Letters 1999)
198 Near-field fluorescence microscopy based on two-photon excitation with metal tips Erik J. Sanchez, Lukas Novotny, X. Sunney Xie (Physical Review Letters 1999)
202 Adapting a compact confocal microscope system to a two- photon excitation fluorescence imaging architecture Alberto Diaspro, Mirko Corosu, Paola Ramoino, Mauro Robello (Microscopy Research and Technique 1999)
212 Two-photon polymerization initiatiors for three- dimensional optical data storage and microfabrication Brian H. Cumpston, Sundaravel P. Ananthavel, Stephen Barlow, Daniel L. Dyer, Jeffrey E. Ehrlich, Lael L. Erskine, Ahmed A. Heikal, Stephen M. Kuebler, I.-Y. Sandy Lee, Dianne McCord-Maughon, Jinqui Qin, Harald Rockel, Mariacristina Rumi, Xiang-Li Wu, Seth R. Marder, Joseph W. Perry (Nature 1999)
216 Influence of optical properties on two-photon fluorescence imaging in turbid samples Andrew K. Dunn, Vincent P. Wallace, Mariah Coleno, Michael W. Berns, Bruce J. Tromberg (Applied Optics 2000)
224 Fast 100-nm resolution three-dimensional microscope reveals structural plasticity of mitochondria in live yeast Alexander Egner, Stefan Jakobs, Stefan W. Hell (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S. 2002)
230 Enhanced two-photon excitation through optical fiber by single-mode propagation in a large core Fritjof Helmchen, David W. Tank, Winfried Denk (Applied Optics 2002)
Part 3.2 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS)
237 Two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: method and application to the intracellular environment Keith M. Berland, Peter T.C. So, Enrico Gratton (Biophysical Journal 1995)
245 Scanning two-photon fluctuation correlation spectroscopy: particle counting measurements for detection of molecular aggregation K.M. Berland, P.T.C. So, Y. Chen, W.W. Mantulin, E. Gratton (Biophysical Journal 1996)
256 Two-photon image correlation spectroscopy and image cross-correlation spectroscopy P.W. Wiseman, J.A. Squier, M.H. Ellisman, K.R. Wilson (Journal of Microscopy 2000)
Part 3.3 Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP)
271 Measurement of molecular diffusion in solution by multiphoton fluorescence photobleaching recovery Edward B. Brown, En Shinn Wu, Warren Zipfel, Watt W. Webb (Biophysical Journal 1999)
Part 3.4 Uncaging
287 Two-photon scanning photochemical microscopy: mapping ligand-gated ion channel distributions Winfried Denk (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S. 1994)
292 Photolysis of caged calcium in femtoliter volumes using two-photon excitation Edward B. Brown, Jason B. Shear, Stephen R. Adams, Roger Y. Tsien, Watt W. Webb (Biophysical Journal 1999)
303 Brominated 7-hydroxycoumarin-4-ylmethyls: photolabile protecting groups with biologically useful cross-sections for two photon photolysis Toshiaki Furuta, Samuel S.-H. Wang, Jami L. Dantzker, Timothy M. Dore, Wendy J. Bybee, Edward M. Callaway, Winfried Denk, Roger Y. Tsien (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S. 1999)
Part 3.5 Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM)
313 Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy using two-photon excitation P.T.C. So, T. French, W.M. Yu, K.M. Berland, C.Y. Dong, E. Gratton (Bioimaging 1995)
328 Fluorescence lifetime three-dimensional microscopy with picosecond precision using a multifocal multiphoton microscope M. Straub, S.W. Hell (Applied Physics Letters 1998)
331 New time-resolved techniques in two-photon microscopy Peter T.C. So, Karsten Konig, Keith Berland, Chen Y. Dong, Todd French, Christof Buhler, Tim Ragan, Enrico Gratton (Cellular and Molecular Biology 1998)
354 Time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging and microvolume spectroscopy using two-photon excitation J. Sytsma, J.M. Vroom, C.J. de Grauw, H.C. Gerritsen (Journal of Microscopy 1998)
Part 3.6 Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
369 Three-dimensional localisation of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells under two-photon excitation Ming G. Xu, Blessing Crimeen, Mandy J. Ludford-Menting, Xiaosong Gan, Sarah M. Russell, Min Gu (Scanning 2001)
374 Red fluorescent protein from Discosoma as a fusion tag and a partner for fluorescence resonance energy transfer Hideaki Mizuno, Asako Sawano, Pharhad Eli, Hiroshi Hama, Atsushi Miyawaki (Biochemistry 2001)
Section Four
Development of Laser Sources
385 60-fsec pulse generation from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser D.E. Spence, P.N. Kean, W. Sibbett (Optics Letters 1991)
388 All-solid-state diode-pumped modelocked Cr:LiSAF laser P.M.W. French, R. Mellish, J.R. Taylor, P.J. Delfyett, L.T. Florez (Electronics Letters 1993)
390 Picosecond pulsed two-photon imaging with repetition rates of 200 and 400 MHz J. Bewersdorf, S.W. Hell (Journal of Microscopy 1998)
401 Picosecond multiphoton scanning near-field optical microscopy Attila Jenei, Achim K. Kirsch, Vinod Subramaniam, Donna J. Arndt-Jovin, Thomas M. Jovin (Biophysical Journal 1999)
410 Third-harmonic generation microscopy by use of a compact, femtosecond fiber laser souce Andrew C. Millard, Paul W. Wiseman, David N. Fittinghoff, Kent R. Wilson, Jeffrey A. Squier, Michiel Muller (Applied Optics 1999)
Section Five
Video Rate Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy
417 Real-time two-photon confocal microscopy using a femtosecond, amplified Ti:sapphire system G.J. Brakenhoff, J. Squier, T. Norris, A.C. Bliton, M.H. Wade, B. Athey (Journal of Microscopy 1996)
424 Real time two-photon absorption microscopy using multi point excitation A.H. Buist, M. Muller, J. Squier, G.J. Brakenhoff (Journal of Microscopy 1998)
434 Multifocal multiphoton microscopy Jorg Bewersdorf, Rainer Pick, Stefan W. Hell (Optics Letters 1998)
437 High-speed, two-photon scanning microscope Ki Hean Kim, Christof Buehler, Peter T.C. So (Applied Optics 1999)
443 Video-rate scanning two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and ratio imaging with cameleons G.Y. Fan, H. Fujisaki, A. Miyawaki, R.-K. Tsay, Roger Y. Tsien, Mark H. Ellisman (Biophysical Journal 1999)
452 Space-multiplexed multifocal nonlinear microscopy S.W. Hell, V. Andresen (Journal of Microscopy 2001)
Section Six
Single-Molecule Studies
461 Single-molecule detection by two-photon-excited fluorescence J. Mertz, C. Xu, W.W. Webb (Optics Letters 1995)
464 Nonlinear spectroscopy on a single quantum system: two- photon absorption of a single molecule Taras Plakhotnik, Daniel Walser, Marco Pirotta, Alois Renn, Urs P. Wild (Science 1996)
467 Room-temperature fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy of single molecules by two-photon excitation Erik J. Sanchez, Lukas Novotny, Gary R. Holtom, X. Sunney Xie (Journal of Physical Chemistry A 1997)
472 Near-field scanning optical microscopy of single molecules by femtosecond two-photon excitation Michael K. Lewis, Peter Wolanin, Ari Gafni, Duncan G. Steel (Optics Letters 1998)
Section Seven
Biological Applications
477 Two-photon-excitation fluorescence imaging of three- dimensional calcium-ion activity David W. Piston, Mark S. Kirby, Heping Cheng, W.J. Lederer, Watt W. Webb (Applied Optics 1994)
485 Three-dimensionally resolved NAD(P)H cellular metabolic redox imaging of the in situ cornea with two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy D.W. Piston, B.R. Masters, W.W. Webb (Journal of Microscopy 1995)
493 Quantitative imaging of green fluorescent protein in cultured cells: comparison of microscopic techiques, use in fusion proteins and detection limits K.D. Niswender, S.M. Blackman, L. Rohde, M.A. Magnuson, D.W. Piston (Journal of Microscopy 1995)
501 Multiphoton fluorescence excitation: new spectral windows for biological nonlinear microscopy Chris Xu, Warren Zipfel, Jason B. Shear, Rebecca M. Williams, Watt W. Webb (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S. 1996)
507 Design of organic molecules with large two-photon absorption cross sections Marius Albota, David Beljonne, Jean-Luc Br�das, Jeffrey E. Ehrlich, Jia-Ying Fu, Ahmed A. Heikal, Samuel E. Hess, Thierry Kogej, Michael D. Levin, Seth R. Marder, Dianne McCord-Maughon, Joseph W. Perry, Harald Rockel, Mariacristina Rumi, Girija Subramaniam, Watt W. Webb, Xiang-Li Wu, Chris Xu (Science 1998)
Section Eight
Applications to Cell Biology
513 Cell damage in near-infrared multimode optical traps as a result of multiphoton absorption K. Konig, H. Liang, M.W. Berns, B.J. Tromberg (Optics Letters 1996)
516 Two-photon excited lifetime imaging of autofluorescence in cells during UVA and NIR photostress K. Konig, P.T.C. So, W.W. Mantulin, B.J. Tromberg, E. Gratton (Journal of Microscopy 1996)
524 Measuring serotonin distribution in live cells with three-photon excitation S. Maiti, Jason B. Shear, R.W. Williams, W.R. Zipfel, Watt W. Webb (Science 1997)
527 Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging of DNA labeled with DAPI and Hoechst 33342 using three- photon excitation Joseph R. Lakowicz, Ignacy Gryczynski, Henryk Malak, Martin Schrader, Peter Engelhardt, Hiroski Kano, Stefan W. Hell (Biophysical Journal 1997)
539 Pulse-length dependence of cellular response to intense near-infrared laser pulses in multiphoton microscopes K. Konig, T.W. Becker, P. Fischer, I. Riemann, K.-J. Halbhuber (Optics Letters 1999)
Section Nine
Applications to Embryology and Developmental Biology
545 The orientation of first cleavage in the sea urchin embryo, Lytechinus variegatus, does not specify the axes of bilateral symmetry Robert G. Summers, David W. Piston, Kelly M. Harris, John B. Morrill (Developmental Biology 1996)
552 Dynamics and ultrastructure of developmental cell fusions in the Caenorhabditis elegans hypodermis William A. Mohler, Jeffrey S. Simske, Ellen M. Williams- Masson, Jeffrey D. Hardin, John G. White (Current Biology 1998)
556 Characterization of involution during sea urchin gastrulation using two-photon excited photorelease and confocal microscopy David W. Piston, Robert G. Summers, Susan M. Knobel, John B. Morrill (Microscopy and Microanalysis 1998)
567 Long-term two-photon fluorescence imaging of mammalian embryos without compromising viability Jayne M. Squirrell, David L. Wokosin, John G. White, Barry D. Bavister (Nature Biotechnology 1999)
572 An evaluation of two-photon excitation versus confocal and digital deconvolution fluorescence microscopy imaging in Xenopus morphogenesis Ammasi Periasamy, Paul Skoglund, Colten Noakes, Raymond Keller (Microscopy Research and Technique 1999)
Section Ten
Applications to Neuroscience
585 Anatomical and functional imaging of neurons using 2- photon laser scanning microscopy W. Denk, K.R. Delaney, A. Gelperin, D. Kleinfeld, D.W. Strowbridge, D.W. Tank, R. Yuste (Journal of Neuroscience Methods 1994)
597 Dendritic spines as basic functional units of neuronal integration Rafael Yuste, Winfried Denk (Nature 1995)
600 Direct measurement of coupling between dendritic spines and shafts Karel Svoboda, David W. Tank, Winfried Denk (Science 1996)
604 Fluctuations and stimulus-induced changes in blood flow observed in individual capillaries in layers 2 through 4 of rat neocortex David Kleinfeld, Partha P. Mitra, Fritjof Helmchen, Winfried Denk (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S. 1998)
611 Odor-evoked calcium signals in dendrites of rat mitral cells Serge Charpak, Jerome Mertz, Emmanuel Beaurepaire, Laurent Moreaux, Kerry Delaney (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S. 2001)
616 Analysis of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease using in vivo multiphoton microscopy E.Y. Kimchi, S. Kajdasz, B.J. Bacskai, B.T. Hyman (Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 2001)
Section Eleven
Applications to Dermatology and Optical Biopsy
625 Multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of in vivo human skin Barry R. Masters, Peter T.C. So, Enrico Gratton (Biophysical Journal 1997)
633 Two-photon photodynamic therapy J.D. Bhawalkar, N.D. Kumar, C.-F. Zhao, P.N. Prasad (Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 1997)
637 Multi-photon excitation microscopy and confocal microscopy imaging of in vivo human skin: a comparison Barry R. Masters, Peter T.C. So (Microscopy and Microanalysis 1999)

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