Spie Press Book
Modern Optics Drawings: The ISO 10110 CompanionFormat | Member Price | Non-Member Price |
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The international standard for optics drawing notations, ISO 10110, uses a set of coded notations to indicate optical tolerances and requirements to mitigate any ambiguity in an optics drawing. This set of notations can be very confusing for the uninitiated, but once understood, it simplifies communication between designer and manufacturer.
This book provides a foundation for understanding the fundamentals of ISO 10110. It is meant as a guide for users to familiarize themselves with the notation and symbology, leading to a better understanding of the ISO 10110 drawing notation system. Its purpose is to explain not only the ISO 10110 drawing format but also the various other standards that enable a greater understanding and implementation of ISO 10110. Each chapter discusses different subjects of optical properties and tolerances, showing the implementation of ISO 10110 through various examples, each highlighting a separate subject or tolerance on an optical component drawing. A detailed example of an optical system is also provided.
Pages: 230
ISBN: 9781510647305
Volume: PM346
Table of Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1 Drawing Notation and Default Tolerances
- 1.1 Background
- 1.2 Differences between ISO and US Standards
- 1.3 Overview of Coded Notation
- 1.4 Fundamental Information
- 1.5 Table and Drawing Field
- 1.6 Indications on Drawings
- 1.7 Subassemblies
- 1.8 Non-Toleranced Data (Default Tolerances)
- 1.9 Discussion of Other Standards in Use
- 1.9.1 MIL-STD-34
- 1.9.2 ASME/ANSI Y14.18M
- 1.10 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 2 Optical Materials
- 2.1 Background
- 2.2 Finished Part versus Raw Material
- 2.3 Overview of Material Properties
- 2.3.1 Refractive index
- 2.3.2 Stress birefringence
- 2.3.3 Bubbles and inclusions
- 2.3.4 Homogeneity
- 2.3.5 Striae
- 2.4 Indications on Drawings
- 2.4.1 Material property notation
- 2.4.2 Stress birefringence
- 2.4.3 Bubbles and inclusions
- 2.4.4 Homogeneity and striae
- 2.4.5 Material tolerance notation on ISO 10110 drawings
- 2.5 Infrared versus Visible Materials
- 2.6 Drawing Example
- 2.6.1 Material property notation
- 2.6.2 Stress birefringence
- 2.6.3 Bubbles and inclusions
- 2.6.4 Homogeneity and striae
- References
- Chapter 3 Surface Figure and Form
- 3.1 Background
- 3.2 Units
- 3.3 Indications on Drawings
- 3.3.1 General quantifiers
- 3.3.2 RMS quantifiers
- 3.3.3 Peak-to-valley quantifiers
- 3.3.4 Slope quantifiers
- 3.3.5 Zernike coefficient quantifiers
- 3.3.6 Table notation
- 3.4 Surface Figure
- 3.5 Zernike
- 3.6 Component or System Wavefront
- 3.7 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 4 Surface Texture: Roughness and Waviness
- 4.1 Background
- 4.1.1 The language of roughness
- 4.1.2 Form, waviness, and roughness
- 4.1.3 Origin of roughness symbols in ISO 10110
- 4.2 Indications on Drawings
- 4.2.1 Polish grades
- 4.2.2 Band-limited RMS roughness and waviness notations
- 4.2.3 Slope tolerance notations
- 4.2.4 Power spectral density notations
- 4.2.5 Areal versions of roughness and waviness specifications
- 4.2.6 Table notation
- 4.2.7 Differences in slope using Part 5 and Part 8
- 4.3 Meaningful Surface Texture Specifications
- 4.3.1 Spatial bands and RMS calculations
- 4.3.2 Meaningful roughness and waviness specifications
- 4.3.3 Considerations when choosing a spatial band
- 4.4 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 5 Surface Imperfection Tolerances
- 5.1 Background
- 5.2 Indications on Drawings
- 5.2.1 Dimensional method drawing notation and interpretation
- 5.2.2 Visibility method drawing notation and interpretation
- 5.3 Meaningful Surface Imperfection Specifications
- 5.3.1 Cosmetic blemishes
- 5.3.2 Scatter and diffraction effects
- 5.4 Inspection for Surface Imperfections
- 5.4.1 Test method
- 5.4.2 Inspecting to the dimensional method
- 5.4.3 Inspecting to the visibility method
- 5.5 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 6 Laser Damage
- 6.1 Background
- 6.1.1 A word of caution
- 6.2 Units
- 6.3 Indications on Drawings
- 6.4 Test Methods
- 6.5 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 7 Surface Treatment and Coating
- 7.1 Background
- 7.2 Types of Optical Coatings
- 7.2.1 Reflective
- 7.2.2 Antireflective
- 7.2.3 Absorbing filters
- 7.2.4 Attenuator
- 7.2.5 Beamsplitter
- 7.2.6 Bandpass and band rejection filters
- 7.2.7 Long and short pass filters
- 7.2.8 Polarizer
- 7.2.9 Phase changing
- 7.2.10 Laser optic
- 7.3 Indications on Drawings
- 7.4 Standard Coatings
- 7.5 Surface Treatments
- 7.6 Testing and Durability
- 7.6.1 Durability testing indications on drawings
- 7.6.2 Environmental changes
- 7.6.3 Adhesion and abrasion test methods
- 7.7 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 8 Centering and Tilt Tolerances
- 8.1 Background
- 8.2 Datum Definitions
- 8.2.1 Datum notation
- 8.2.2 Datum construction
- 8.3 Coordinate Systems
- 8.4 Aspheric and Freeform Element Centration Factors
- 8.5 Indications on Drawings
- 8.5.1 Datum axis
- 8.5.2 Datum point
- 8.5.3 Optical centering tolerance
- 8.5.4 Nonoptical centering tolerance
- 8.6 Explicit versus Implicit Indication Examples
- 8.7 Fabrication Explanation
- 8.8 Drawing Example
- References
- Chapter 9 Nonspherical Surfaces
- 9.1 Background
- 9.2 Using ISO Standards for Nonspherical Profile Surfaces
- 9.3 Defining Nominal Surfaces with ISO 10110
- 9.3.1 Equations for rotationally invariant aspheric surfaces in ISO 10110-12
- 9.3.2 Formulas for rotationally variant aspheric surfaces in ISO 10110-12
- 9.3.3 General surfaces in ISO 10110-19
- 9.4 Indications on Drawings
- 9.4.1 Per ISO 10110-12
- 9.4.2 Per ISO 10110-19
- 9.5 Drawing Examples
- References
- Chapter 10 System Evaluation
- 10.1 Background
- 10.2 Table of Generally Useful System Performance Standards
- 10.3 Selection of Specific System-Performance Metrics
- 10.3.1 Finding an appropriate standard
- 10.3.2 Wavefront error
- 10.3.3 Resolution
- 10.3.4 Distortion
- 10.3.5 Transmittance
- 10.3.6 Stray light
- 10.3.7 Relative illumination
- 10.4 Indications
- References
- Chapter 11 Environmental Testing
- 11.1 Background
- 11.2 Testing Sequence and Evaluation
- 11.3 Indications
- 11.4 Overview of Environments
- 11.5 Test Methods
- 11.5.1 Temperature and humidity
- 11.5.2 Mechanical stress
- 11.5.3 Atmospheric pressure and immersion
- 11.5.4 Rain
- 11.5.5 Dew, hoarfrost, and ice
- 11.5.6 Salt mist
- 11.5.7 Dust
- 11.5.8 Acid atmosphere
- 11.5.9 Solar weathering
- 11.5.10 Mold
- 11.5.11 Contamination
- 11.5.12 Combined environments
- 11.6 Testing Equipment
- 11.7 Notation of Environmental Test Parameters
- References
- Chapter 12 Standards in Practice
- 12.1 System Parameters
- 12.2 Optical Design and Tolerance Analysis
- 12.2.1 Optical design
- 12.2.2 Optical tolerances
- 12.3 Optical Element Drawings
- 12.3.1 Doublet optical element
- 12.3.2 Aspheric optical element
- 12.3.3 Spherical optical element
- 12.4 Optical Assembly Drawing
- 12.5 Expected Deliverable
- 12.5.1 Transmitted wavefront test report
- 12.5.2 Optical system transmittance test report
- 12.5.3 Environmental test report
- References
- Epilogue: The Path Forward
- Index
Preface
The purpose of this book is to provide optical engineers, fabricators, and all parties in between a better understanding of the ISO 10110 drawing standard, and how to use the standard to create modern optical drawings. The authors presume that the reader has access to all parts of ISO 10110 and associated standards, and at least a basic familiarity with optics component technical drawings.
The world of standards is very small, and volunteer-based. Those who work on these committees are trying to do the right thing for our industry. Those few people are willing to take the time to draft, edit, and review these standards. Most of the time the result of their efforts is the result of compromise, and often it is far from perfect. Pursuit of an international standard that reflects the diversity of opinions, applications, and needs of the community comes at a price.
The first version of ISO 10110 was published in 1995 and has been the subject of multiple revisions, additions, and subtractions over the past 25 years. Today, there are twelve parts; 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, and 19. Because of this international effort over the past fifteen years, the ISO 10110 drawing standards have become a truly international standard reflecting the needs of the global optics community. It is vastly better today than in 1995 or 2005, and much more in harmony with US industry.
Even so, the standards can be difficult to read, more complex than we would like, and sometimes seem unfamiliar and unfriendly. We have written this book as a friendly guide to unfamiliar language, symbols, and a way of thinking about optics tolerances and specifications. However, the book is meant as a guide - not a replacement - for reading the standards themselves.
Additionally, there are a half-dozen other standards that are essential to using ISO 10110, and even more that can be used to make ISO 10110 more effective.As a result, this book is structured in chapters by subject, rather than by part of 10110, with related standards grouped within a chapter. Many practical examples are provided with a view toward a complete adoption of the methodology of standardized optics drawings including the drawing notation standards; and the metrology, environmental, and system performance test standards. It is the authors' hope that the book is readable enough to be read and understood by the uninitiated, and that the book serves as a useful reference or guide to users of the standard as they navigate the details of full implementation.
David Aikens
Richard N. Youngworth
September 2021
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