This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10030 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.

Terahertz pulse generation from metallic nanostructures irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses is of interest because the conversion efficiency from laser pulses to terahertz waves is increased by the local field enhancement resulting from the plasmon oscillation. In this talk we present our recent study on terahertz generation from metal nanoparticle ink. We baked a silver nanoparticle ink spin-coated onto a glass coverslip in various temperatures. On the surface of the baked ink, bumpy nanostructures are spontaneously formed, and the average size of bumps depends on the baking temperature. These structures are expected to lead to local field enhancement and then large nonlinear polarizations on the surface. The baked ink was irradiated by the output of regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser at an incidence angle of 45°. Waveforms of generated terahertz pulses are detected by electro-optical sampling. The generation efficiency was high when the average diameter of bumps was around 100 nm, which is realized when the ink is baked in 205 to 235°C in our setup. One of our next research targets is terahertz wave generation from micro-patterned metallic nanoparticle ink. It is an advantage of the metal nanoparticle ink that by using inkjet printers one can fabricate various patterns with micrometer scales, in which terahertz waves have a resonance. Combination of microstructures made by a printer and nanostructure spontaneously formed in the baking process will provide us terahertz emitters with unique frequency characteristics.

Terahertz band, which is roughly defined as 0.1 THz to 10 THz, is an interesting frequency region of the electromagnetic spectrum to be fully explored in astronomy. THz observations play key roles in astrophysics and cosmology. High sensitive heterodyne and direct detectors are the main tools for the detection of molecular spectral lines and fine atomic structure spectral lines, which are very important tracers for probing the physical and chemical properties and dynamic processes of objects such as star and planetary systems. China is planning to build an THz telescope at Dome A, Antarctica, a unique site for ground-based THz observations. We are developing THz superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers and transition edge sensors (TES), which are quantum limited and back-ground limited detectors, respectively. Here we first introduce the working principles of superconducting HEB and TES, and then mainly present the results achieved at Purple mountain Observatory.

High-repetition-rate, monochromatic and tunable terahertz (THz) source is demonstrated. We use an orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength intracavity OPO to complete the type-II phase-matched collinear difference-frequency generation in GaSe. A high average-power 2 μm laser with 12 W output power and good beam quality based on an intracavity KTP OPO is experimentally designed. The KTP OPO is intracavity pumped by an acousto-optical Q-switched side-pumped Nd:YAG with the repetition rate of 10 kHz. Two identical KTP crystals were 7 × 8 × 15 mm³ in size, cut at θ = 51.2°, φ = 0°, which were tuned in the x-z plane to achieve type-II phase-matching. The KTP OPO consists of two identical KTP crystals to reduce the walk-off effect and improve the beam overlap area of the output signal and idler waves. The pulse-width of the 2-μm KTP OPO laser is about 11 ns with the linewidth about 0.8 nm. The focused OPO beam is injected into the uncoated GaSe with the length of 8 mm, and the generated THz wave is detected with a 4.2-K Si-bolometer after focusing with a polyethylene lens. The tunable and coherent radiation from 0.2 to 3 THz has been achieved based on the type-II phase-matching DFG when the two pump waves are in the range of 2.1064 - 2.1272 μm and 2.1516 - 2.1304 μm while symmetrically tuning the phase-matching angle of the KTPs. The maximum output THz average power can reach μW-level around 1.48 THz.

A surface-emitted ring-cavity terahertz (THz) wave parametric oscillator has been demonstrated for high-energy THz output and fast frequency tuning. Through the special optical design with a Galvano optical scanner and four-mirror ring-cavity structure, a maximum THz output of 12.9 μJ/pulse is achieved at 1.359 THz under the pump pulse energy of 172.8 mJ with the repetition rate of 10 Hz. A further research on the performance of the SE ring-cavity TPO has done to explore more characteristics of THz output. The THz pulse instability and the influence of cavity loss has analyzed. Moreover, the pump depletion rate of the ring-cavity configuration is much lower than the conventional surface-emitted terahertz wave parametric oscillator at the same experimental conditions.

Millimeter waves (mmWaves) spectrum ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz is emerging as a potential solution to the bandwidth problem faced by the wireless communication now a days. The advancements in the antenna technology has enabled the fabrication of antenna arrays or phased array systems which when used with techniques like spatial multiplexing and beamforming has enabled the use of mmWaves for both indoor and outdoor communication systems by providing gain and selectivity. This has also opened the doors for its potential use in long range and cellular communications. The 60GHz band also know as the oxygen absorption band due to its higher attenuation and unlicensed operation is a good candidate for use in secure and confined communications. In this paper we have investigated the performance of a beamformed phased array system in the mmWave spectrum. The performance is measured for varying the source and noise location and compared for a Linear and Rectangular array.

The authenticity problem of honey with difficult identification and great economic value highlights the certain limitations of the existing examination methods to distinguish the inauthentic honey. Terahertz technique is sensitive to water and has abundant information about saccharides’ intermolecular interactions . This paper is tried to determine high-fructose-syrup content of Acacia honey by terahertz technique combined with chemometric methods. RMSEC and RMSEP of PLS model was 0.0967 and 0.108, respectively, confirming the reliability of the technique. This work shows that it was possible to determine high-fructose-syrup content of Acacia honey by terahertz technique.

The progress on terahertz imaging at Capital Normal University in Beijing is presented. Our works on Terahertz Imaging include the active and passive imaging. For the active terahertz imaging, the pulse and continue wave terahertz imaging are studied, respectively. The active terahertz pulse imaging is based on the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with the probe-beam-expanded femtosecond pulse laser and an infrared CCD detection. The active terahertz continuous wave imaging is based on a CO2-laser-pumped terahertz coherent source and a NEC terahertz camera. The active terahertz polarization imaging is studied. For the passive terahertz imaging, the low frequency radiometers are used to detect the beam-scanned terahertz signal by the point-to-point scanning. The related components and image processing methods are developed and used for the improvement of imaging speed and resolution.

Currently, terahertz (THz) optical systems are based on bulky free-space optics. This is due to the lack of a common platform onto which different THz components, e.g., source, waveguide, modulator and detector, can be monolithically integrated. With the development of THz quantum cascade laser (QCL), it has been realized that the QCL chip may be such a platform for integrated THz photonics. Here, we report our recent works where the THz QCL is integrated with passive or optoelectronic components. They are: 1) integrated graphene modulator with THz QCL achieving 100% modulation depth and fast speed; 2) phase-locked THz QCL with integrated plasmonic waveguide and subwavelength antennas realizing dynamically widely tunable polarizations.

We describe a proof-of-concept of a method for measurement of both real (refraction) and imaginary (absorption) part of the refractive index in the infrared (IR) range by measuring an interference pattern in the visible range without the need for any spectral and spatial selection. The concept is based on nonlinear interference of entangled photons, generated via Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion (SPDC). In our interferometer, the phase of the signal photon in the visible range depends on the phase of an entangled IR photon. When the IR photon is traveling through the media of interest, its properties can be found from the observations of the visible photon.

Spectral emissivity is one of the most critical thermophysical properties of a material for heat design and analysis. Especially in the traditional radiation thermometry, normal spectral emissivity is very important. We developed a prototype instrument based upon an integral blackbody method to measure material’s spectral emissivity at elevated temperatures. An optimized commercial variable-high-temperature blackbody, a high speed linear actuator, a linear pyrometer, and an in-house designed synchronization circuit was used to implemented the system. A sample was placed in a crucible at the bottom of the blackbody furnace, by which the sample and the tube formed a simulated reference blackbody which had an effective total emissivity greater than 0.985. During the measurement, a pneumatic cylinder pushed a graphite rode and then the sample crucible to the cold opening within hundreds of microseconds. The linear pyrometer was used to monitor the brightness temperature of the sample surface, and the corresponding opto-converted voltage was fed and recorded by a digital multimeter. To evaluate the temperature drop of the sample along the pushing process, a physical model was proposed. The tube was discretized into several isothermal cylindrical rings, and the temperature of each ring was measurement. View factors between sample and rings were utilized. Then, the actual surface temperature of the sample at the end opening was obtained. Taking advantages of the above measured voltage signal and the calculated actual temperature, normal spectral emissivity under the that temperature point was obtained. Graphite sample at 1300°C was measured to prove the validity of the method.

Infrared absorption spectroscopy has been widely used in the field of quantitative analysis. The overlapped spectral lines of different components makes the component recognition and concentration calculation of the mixture difficult to realize. In order to solve this problem, in this paper the analytic technology of infrared absorption spectrum has been researched to establish an effective, accurate and stable component identification method. The derivative spectrum of direct absorption spectral line is calculated to eliminate the influence of background and noise. The wavelet analysis method with appropriate wavelet basis and scale resolution is used to make the time-frequency analysis of the derivative spectrum to obtain the two dimensional time-frequency characteristics matrix. The correlation analysis in both time and frequency dimensions to the time-frequency characteristics matrix of different components and mixtures is researched to realize the component identification in combination with the morphological characteristics of the derivative spectral line. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively identify the target component from the mixture spectral line. The research provides a method and technical route for simultaneous detection and spectral analysis of multi-component.

In the process of tomato plants growth, due to the effect of plants genetic factors, poor environment factors, or disoperation of parasites, there will generate a series of unusual symptoms on tomato plants from physiology, organization structure and external form, as a result, they cannot grow normally, and further to influence the tomato yield and economic benefits. Hyperspectral image usually has high spectral resolution, not only contains spectral information, but also contains the image information, so this study adopted hyperspectral imaging technology to identify diseased tomato leaves, and developed a simple hyperspectral imaging system, including a halogen lamp light source unit, a hyperspectral image acquisition unit and a data processing unit. Spectrometer detection wavelength ranged from 400nm to 1000nm. After hyperspectral images of tomato leaves being captured, it was needed to calibrate hyperspectral images. This research used spectrum angle matching method and spectral red edge parameters discriminant method respectively to identify diseased tomato leaves. Using spectral red edge parameters discriminant method produced higher recognition accuracy, the accuracy was higher than 90%. Research results have shown that using hyperspectral imaging technology to identify diseased tomato leaves is feasible, and provides the discriminant basis for subsequent disease control of tomato plants.

With the development of remote sensing technology, shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging technology has got more and more attention because of its ability through the fog and high spatial resolution. High spatial resolution SWIR imaging often requires high frame frequency. If the frame frequency is too high, it could cause the shortage of the image’s signal to noise ratio (SNR), seriously affecting image quality. In order to solve the contradiction between high spatial resolution and sensitivity, time delay and digital accumulation (TDDA) technology is proposed in this paper to improve system’s SNR and image quality. A prototype of SWIR imaging system based on a large format area InGaAs detector is designed, which demonstrates TDDA technology. The experiment results indicate that TDDA technology can increase system’s SNR of the square root of accumulative stage and improve image’s uniformity. The results in this paper are helpful for the improvement and application of high spatial resolution SWIR imaging technology.

We report here a step tunable mid-infrared laser emission from acetylene-filled hollow-core fiber. Two kinds of anti-resonant hollow-core fibers are filled with mbar level of acetylene gas, and pumped with a modulated, amplified, narrow linewidth, fine tunable, 1.5 μm diode laser, then 3 μm laser emissions are generated by the intrinsic absorption of acetylene molecules. The laser wavelength is step-tunable in the range of 3.1~3.2 μm when the pump laser is precisely tuned to different absorption lines of P-branch of acetylene. By properly designing the fiber's transmission bands, and carefully selecting active gases and pump lasers, this paper provides a novel method for efficient, compact and tunable mid-infrared fiber lasers over a broad spectrum range.

As new player in Infra Red (IR) sector, uncooled, small, and lightweight IR Micro Bolometer has been chosen as one of payloads for LAPAN’s next micro satellite project. Driven the desire to create our own IR Micro Bolometer, mission analysis design procedure has been applied. After tracing all possible missions, the Planck’s and Wien’s Law for black body, Temperature Responsivity (TR), and sub-pixel response had been utilized in order to determine the appropriate spectral radiance. The 3.8 – 4 μm wavelength were available to detect wild fire (forest fire) and active volcanoes, two major problems faced by Indonesia. In order to strengthen and broaden the result, iteration process had been used throughout the process. The analysis, then, were continued by calculating Ground pixel size, IFOV pixel, swath width, and focus length. Meanwhile, regarding of resolution, at least it is 400 m.

The further procedure covered the integrated of optical design, wherein we combined among optical design software, Zemax, with mechanical analysis software (structure and thermal analysis), such as Nastran and Thermal Desktop / Sinda Fluint. The integration process was intended to produce high performance optical system of our IR Micro Bolometer that can be used under extreme environment. The results of all those analysis, either in graphs or in measurement, show that the initial design of LAPAN’S IR Micro Bolometer meets the determined requirement. However, it needs the further evaluation (iteration). This paper describes the initial design of LAPAN’s IR Micro Bolometer using mission analysis process

SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) imaging is an important imaging technology in space remote sensing. According to the characteristics of SWIR detector, the whole scheme of low noise imaging circuit is presented in this paper. For certain key circuit which noise is sensitive in the design, such as bias generation circuit, analysis of noise sources and calculation of theoretical noise value of actual circuit which is usually ignored in previous researches are proposed in order to estimate the level of circuit noise and optimize the circuit to reduce noise. The structure of analog filter amplifier circuit is also analyzed by introducing noise-factor analytic approach, based on the analysis result some design principles of the circuit are proposed. The noise suppression methods in the design are separately analyzed in both time suppression and space suppression; some specific methods for these two kinds of measures are listed in this paper. The final experiment results indicate that the low noise imaging circuit design based on above methods is reasonable and effective, the circuit has a higher SNR and can work normally at room temperature, and the whole design meets the original requirement of low noise. This low noise circuit for SWIR detector and its methods to analyze and calculate noise value are valuable examples for future similar designs.

Terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are compact sources of radiation in the 1–5 THz range with significant potential for applications in sensing and imaging. Laser feedback interferometry (LFI) with THz QCLs is a technique utilizing the sensitivity of the QCL to the radiation reflected back into the laser cavity from an external target. We will discuss modelling techniques and explore the applications of LFI in biological tissue imaging and will show that the confocal nature of the QCL in LFI systems, with their innate capacity for depth sectioning, makes them suitable for skin diagnostics with the well-known advantages of more conventional confocal microscopes. A demonstration of discrimination of neoplasia from healthy tissue using a THz, LFI-based system in the context of melanoma is presented using a transgenic mouse model.

The influence of the inner disk radius r, the filling ratio α, numbers of sectors N, and the gap g on transmission response for corrugated metallic disk (CMD) with single C-shaped resonator(CSR) has been fully studied. The results indicate that varying parameters r can efficiently excite the higher order spoof localized surface plasmon modes in corrugated metallic disk. The relationship between the bright dipole and dark multipolar resonances presents the possibility of high Q dark resonances excitation. All results may be of great interest for diverse applications.

Based on metasurface, two beam shapers are designed to modulate the wavefront of the terahertz beam. One of the beam shapers is THz ring-Airy beam generator and the other is THz four-focus lens. Each beam shaper is composed of a serious of C-shaped slot antennas, which can be used to modulate the phase and amplitude of the cross-polarized scattered wave. A THz holographic imaging system is utilized to measure the field of the generated beams. The ring- Airy beam shaper is designed by replacing both the phase and amplitude of its initial electric field with the corresponding antennas. In the experiment, an abrupt focus following a parabolic trajectory is subsequently observed. This method can be expanded to other wavebands, such as the visible band, in which the ring-Airy beam shaper can replace traditional computer-generated holography to avoid undesirable multiple diffraction orders. The phase distribution of the four-focus lens is obtained by using the Yang-Gu amplitude-phase retrieval algorithm and then encoded to the antennas. Both the focusing and imaging properties are demonstrated. A clear image can be obtained with a bandwidth of 110 GHz. This type of transmissive metasurface beam shaper serves as an attractive alternative to conventional diffractive optical elements based on its small size, ease of fabrication, and low cost.

By using of high-resolution Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, we show that both the fundamental and higher-order Mie resonances can be excited in both magnetic and electric modes with in the one-dimensional dielectric grating. Furthermore, their highly sensitive capability dependent on the frequency red-shift, line broadening, and transmission decreasing were investigated with increasing refractive index and absorption strength of the surrounding media.

This paper gives a review for our recent progress on N-fold orbital angular momentum (OAM) multicasting links. By exploiting optimized complex phase pattern, the data information carried by an input Gaussian mode can be copied and delivered to multiple OAM modes which are distinguishable from each other owing to their own distinct spiral phase fronts. Experiment demonstration of 1-to-34 OAM multicasting, adaptive power-controllable OAM multicasting, and compensation of a distorted OAM multicasting link are presented.

Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) is a technology in which the intracavity absorption is deduced from the intensity of light transmitted by the high finesse optical cavity. Then the samples’ parameters, such as their species, concentration and absorption cross section, would be detection. It was first proposed and demonstrated by Engeln R. ^[1] and O’Keefe^[2] in 1998. This technology has extraordinary detection sensitivity, high resolution and good practicability, so it is used in many fields , such as clinical medicine, gas detection and basic physics research. In this paper, we focus on the use of gas trace detection, including the advance of CEAS over the past twenty years, the newest research progresses, and the prediction of this technology’s development direction in the future.

Cooled infrared detector arrays always suffer from undesired Ripple Fixed-Pattern Noise (FPN) when observe the scene of sky. The Ripple Fixed-Pattern Noise seriously affect the imaging quality of thermal imager, especially for small target detection and tracking. It is hard to eliminate the FPN by the Calibration based techniques and the current scene-based nonuniformity algorithms. In this paper, we present a modified space low-pass and temporal high-pass nonuniformity correction algorithm using adaptive time domain threshold (THP&GM). The threshold is designed to significantly reduce ghosting artifacts. We test the algorithm on real infrared in comparison to several previously published methods. This algorithm not only can effectively correct common FPN such as Stripe, but also has obviously advantage compared with the current methods in terms of detail protection and convergence speed, especially for Ripple FPN correction. Furthermore, we display our architecture with a prototype built on a Xilinx Virtex-5 XC5VLX50T field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The hardware implementation of the algorithm based on FPGA has two advantages: (1) low resources consumption, and (2) small hardware delay (less than 20 lines). The hardware has been successfully applied in actual system.

With the development of infrared focal plane technology, the scale of the detector becomes larger and larger, and the pixel noise level is lower and lower. We designed and implemented a set of infrared high-speed low noise intelligent test system based on OPENVPX standard, which is used to test the index, long term monitoring and life test of infrared detector. The system is mainly composed of main control board, image acquisition board, temperature acquisition board and the high speed back board, which has high speed image acquisition, processing, temperature monitoring and alarm function. Through testing and simulation, the results show that the system noise is less than 100uV, the dynamic range reaches 100dB, and the data throughput rate reaches 4Gbps, which can meet the requirements of the infrared detector test currently.

Oil spill pollution is a severe environmental problem that persists in the marine environment and in inland water systems around the world. Remote sensing is an important part of oil spill response. The hyperspectral images can not only provide the space information but also the spectral information. Pixels of interests generally incorporate information from disparate component that requires quantitative decomposition of these pixels to extract desired information. Oil spill detection can be implemented by applying hyperspectral camera which can collect the hyperspectral data of the oil. By extracting desired spectral signature from hundreds of band information, one can detect and identify oil spill area in vast geographical regions. There are now numerous hyperspectral image processing algorithms developed for target detection. In this paper, we investigate several most widely used target detection algorithm for the identification of surface oil spills in ocean environment. In the experiments, we applied a hyperspectral camera to collect the real life oil spill. The experimental results shows the feasibility of oil spill detection using hyperspectral imaging and the performance of hyperspectral image processing algorithms were also validated.

We present a data processing method based on multiple beam interference and Fresnel's formula that extract simultaneously the refraction index and the extinction coefficient from terahertz time domain spectra, and the dielectric coefficient can also be calculated. Typical THz-TDS system working in transmission mode was utilized for direct measurement of the transmission spectra with a frequency accuracy of 7.6 GHz and range from 0.3 THz to 4 THz at room temperature. This method is verified with a double-faced polished 350-μm 100-cut GaAs wafer, and the reasonable average relative error for refractive index in the whole range is less than 0.83% comparing with conventional method, which provides a new approach to process the transmission spectra with oscillations.

A novel wavefront-based algorithm for the beam simulation of both reflective and refractive optics in a complicated quasi-optical system is proposed. The algorithm can be regarded as the extension to the conventional Physical Optics algorithm to handle dielectrics. Internal reflections are modeled in an accurate fashion, and coating and flossy materials can be treated in a straightforward manner. A parallel implementation of the algorithm has been developed and numerical examples show that the algorithm yields sufficient accuracy by comparing with experimental results, while the computational complexity is much less than the full-wave methods. The algorithm offers an alternative approach to the modeling of quasi-optical systems in addition to the Geometrical Optics modeling and full-wave methods.

We propose a cost effective digitized radio-over-fiber (D-RoF) system employing a sigma delta modulation (SDM) and a bidirectional transmission technique using phase modulated downlink and intensity modulated uplink. SDM is transparent to different radio access technologies and modulation formats, and more suitable for a downlink of wireless system because a digital to analog converter (DAC) can be avoided at the base station (BS). Also, Central station and BS share the same light source by using a phase modulation for the downlink and an intensity modulation for the uplink transmission. Avoiding DACs and light sources have advantages in terms of cost reduction, power consumption, and compatibility with conventional wireless network structure.

We have designed a cost effective bidirectional D-RoF system using a low pass SDM and measured the downlink and uplink transmission performance in terms of error vector magnitude, signal spectra, and constellations, which are based on the 10MHz LTE 64-QAM standard.

Terahertz wave can penetrate the common dielectric materials such as clothing, cardboard boxes, plastics and so on. Besides, the low photon energy and non-ionizing characteristic of the terahertz wave are especially suitable for the safety inspection of the human body. Terahertz imaging technology has a tremendous potential in the field of security inspection such as stations, airports and other public places. Terahertz wave imaging systems are divided into two categories: active terahertz imaging systems and passive terahertz imaging systems. So far, most terahertz imaging systems work at point to point mechanical scan pattern with the method of passive imaging. The imaging results of passive imaging tend to have low contrast and the image is not clear enough. This paper designs and implements an active terahertz wave imaging system combining terahertz wave transmitting and receiving with a Cassegrain antenna. The terahertz wave at the frequency of 94GHz is created by impact ionization avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diode, focused on the feed element for Cassegrain antenna by high density polyethylene (HDPE) lens, and transmitted to the human body by Cassegrain antenna. The reflected terahertz wave goes the same way it was emitted back to the feed element for Cassegrain antenna, focused on the horn antenna of detector by another high density polyethylene lens. The scanning method is the use of two-dimensional planar mirror, one responsible for horizontal scanning, and another responsible for vertical scanning. Our system can achieve a clear human body image, has better sensitivity and resolution than passive imaging system, and costs much lower than other active imaging system in the meantime.

A potential way to distinguish quality of different types of water from 0.2~1.2 THz is demonstrated. A physical quantity combining the refractive index and absorption coefficient is used. Ultrapure water, mineral water and tap water are distinguished by this method.

A widely tunable, high-energy terahertz wave parametric oscillator based on 1 mol. % MgO-doped near-stoichiometric LiNbO₃ crystal has been proposed with 1064 nm nanosecond pulsed laser pumping. The tunable range of 1.16 to 4.64 THz was obtained. Under the pump energy of 150 mJ/pulse, the maximum THz wave output energy of 12.56 μJ was achieved at 1.88 THz, corresponding to the THz wave conversion efficiency of 7.61×10^-5 and the photon conversion efficiency of 1.14%, respectively. Moreover, the THz half maximum (FWHM) beam diameters of MgO:SLN TPO measured at 4 cm from the output surface were 7.42 mm and 6.06 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively.

A compact optical terahertz (THz) source was demonstrated based on an efficient high-repetition-rate doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) around 2 μm with two type-II phase-matched KTP crystals in the walk-off compensated configuration. The KTP OPO was intracavity pumped by an acousto-optical (AO) Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser and emitted two tunable wavelengths near degeneracy. The tuning range extended continuously from 2.068 μm to 2.191 μm with a maximum output power of 3.29 W at 24 kHz, corresponding to an optical-optical conversion efficiency (from 808 nm to 2 μm) of 20.69%. The stable pulsed dual-wavelength operation provided an ideal pump source for generating terahertz wave of micro-watt level by the difference frequency generation (DFG) method. A 7.84-mm-long periodically inverted quasi-phase-matched (QPM) GaAs crystal with 6 periods was used to generate a terahertz wave, the maximum voltage of 180 mV at 1.244 THz was acquired by a 4.2-K Si bolometer, corresponding to average output power of 0.6 μW and DFG conversion efficiency of 4.32×10^-7. The acceptance bandwidth was found to be larger than 0.35 THz (FWHM). As to the 15-mm-long GaSe crystal used in the type-II collinear DFG, a tunable THz source ranging from 0.503 THz to 3.63 THz with the maximum output voltage of 268 mV at 1.65 THz had been achieved, and the corresponding average output power and DFG conversion efficiency were 0.9 μW and 5.86×10^-7 respectively. This provides a potential practical palm-top tunable THz sources for portable applications.

Metamaterials with subwavelength structural features show unique electromagnetic responses that are unattainable with natural materials. Recently, the research on these artificial materials has been pushed forward to the terahertz (THz) region because of potential applications in biological fingerprinting, security imaging, and high frequency magnetic and electric resonant devices. Furthermore, active control of their properties could further facilitate and open up new applications in terms of modulation and switching. In our work, we will first present our studies of dipole arrays at terahertz frequencies. Then in experimental and theoretical studies of terahertz subwavelength L-shaped structure, we proposed an unusual-mode current resonance responsible for low-frequency characteristic dip in transmission spectra. Comparing spectral properties of our designed simplified structures with that of split-ring resonators, we attribute this unusual mode to the resonance coupling and splitting under the broken symmetry of the structure. Finally, we use optical pump–terahertz probe method to investigate the spectral and dynamic behaviour of optical modulation in the split-ring resonators. We have observed the blue-shift and band broadening in the spectral changes of transmission under optical excitation at different delay times. The calculated surface currents using finite difference time domain simulation are presented to characterize these resonances, and the blue-shift can be explained by the changed refractive index and conductivity in the photoexcited semiconductor substrate.

In our experiments, terahertz radiation via two-color generated laser plasma gas targets is studied using nitrogen and the noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) as the generation media. Carried out at the infrared beam of the advanced laser light source, we studied the effects of different pump wavelengths (between 1200 nm and 1600 nm) on THz generation. Terahertz pulse energy is measured as functions of input pulse energy, gas species, gas pressure. The experimental results show that the terahertz pulse energy approach a maximum value of 0.0578 μJ per pulse in xenon gas when the input 1600 nm pulse energy is 0.4 mJ per pulse.

For further understanding of the mechanism regarding terahertz (THz) wave generation in laser-induced plasma, the pump wavelength dependence of THz emission is examined when two-color laser fields are mixed in pre-formed plasma created by another 800nm laser pulse. In our experiment, the effect of pre-formed plasma is investigated using an orthogonal pumping geometry. With a pre-formed plasma, the power of THz wave generated by the pump pulse reduces significantly, and the THz modulation increases with the growth of pump wavelength. Possible reason for the result is discussed in terms of tunneling ionization in the THz generation mechanism.

Behaviors of chirped DBR for group velocity dispersion (GVD) compensation in THz QCLs with metal-metal waveguides have been investigated theoretically in both 1D and 3D models with COMSOL Multiphysics. The strategy of designing chirped DBR for GVD compensation in terahertz frequency range has been presented. In order to achieve broad-band GVD compensation with less distortion, a two-section chirped DBR structure is proposed.

Small target is also weak target, which is likely to be a threat to the observation platform. So small target detection is an important task for many automatic object detection system. Otherwise, small target detection is a challenge for many complex scenes because of the low SNR and sophisticated background. This paper introduced a fast and effective method for small target detection in infrared scene with complex background, which is suitable for missile guidance and menace warning. Firstly, a template is created to detect the local maxima in the image. Secondly, a constrained double criteria region growth algorithm is performed to form separate regions. Finally, extracted regions are selected by a small round target filter, after which, the remaining connected regions are considered to be detected small targets. The proposed algorithm was applied on videos captured by cooled infrared imagers. Experimental results show the method introduced in this paper is efficient and effective, which is suitable for time sensitive automatic target detection.

Hyper-spectral images can not only provide spatial information but also a wealth of spectral information. A short list of applications includes environmental mapping, global change research, geological research, wetlands mapping, assessment of trafficability, plant and mineral identification and abundance estimation, crop analysis, and bathymetry. A crucial aspect of hyperspectral image analysis is the identification of materials present in an object or scene being imaged.

Classification of a hyperspectral image sequence amounts to identifying which pixels contain various spectrally distinct materials that have been specified by the user. Several techniques for classification of multi-hyperspectral pixels have been used from minimum distance and maximum likelihood classifiers to correlation matched filter-based approaches such as spectral signature matching and the spectral angle mapper.

In this paper, an improved hyperspectral images classification algorithm is proposed. In the proposed method, an improved similarity measurement method is applied, in which both the spectrum similarity and space similarity are considered. We use two different weighted matrix to estimate the spectrum similarity and space similarity between two pixels, respectively. And then whether these two pixels represent the same material can be determined. In order to reduce the computational cost the wavelet transform is also applied prior to extract the spectral and space features.

The proposed method is tested using hyperspectral imagery collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Experimental results the efficiency of this new method on hyperspectral images associated with space object material identification.

The spectral characteristics of infrared radiation from target provide significant characteristics information for target's detection and track including radiance brightness, radiance intensity and spectrum characteristics of target. And the same time, the spectral characteristics provide the basis of target detection and recognize equipment's waveband optimization design and detection capability analysis. This paper using the passive imaging Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer measure the infrared spectral characteristic of target. The spectral range cover the medium wave and long wave infrared. And the instrument can interference imaging in 320×256 spatial resolution or other window size. This paper designs a set of calibration and test processes to realize the infrared spectral radiance measurement of target. Using this method, this paper test some typical infrared target. After the radiance calibration, the calibrated result is verified by standard radiance source. Thereby, the remote measurement of infrared background is taken as the comparison test. Finally, the typical infrared target spectral features are extracted and measured. The test results show that the method mentioned in this paper is practical.

In order to achieve the purpose of infrared object detection, two phases are essential, including feature selection and matching strategy. Good Features should be discriminative, robust and easy to compute. The matching strategy affects the accuracy and efficiency of matching. In the first stage, instead of the joint distribution of the image statistics, we use region covariance descriptor and calculate region covariance using integral images. The idea presented here is more general than the image sums or histograms, which were already published before. In the second feature matching stage, we describe a new and fast pyramid matching algorithm under the distance metric, which performed extremely rapidly than a brute force search. We represent an object with five covariance matrices of the image features computed inside the object region. Instead of brute force matching, we constructed the image pyramid and decomposed the source image and object image into several levels, which included different image resolutions. After the completion of coarse match, fine-match is essential. The performance of region covariance descriptor is superior to other methods, and the pyramid matching algorithm performs extremely rapidly and accurately, as it is shown, and the large rotations and illumination changes are also absorbed by the covariance matrix.

In order to improve the characteristic information of the fused images, we propose a novel infrared and visible image fusion algorithm based on image detail enhancement in this paper, the bilateral filter and dynamic range partitioning (BF & DRP) are used to improve the original infrared image, and the multi-scale retinex transform (MRT) also is used to deal with image fusion.

Firstly a method of bilateral filter and dynamic range partitioning (BF & DRP) was used to improve the details of the low SNR and low contrast original infrared image, by which the edges of targets were strengthened, the noises were suppressed, and the constrast of infrared image was enhanced. Secondly, and finally, the multi-scale retinex transform was used to improve the fusion of visible and infrared image, by combining the multi-scale transform and regional fusion where the adaptive low frequency and high frequency coefficient were considered, which effectively suppressed the noises and enhanced the details..

Experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed image fusion method. The salient color and texture feature of visible image was well preserved, the important details of infrared and visible image were highlighted. The results show that this algorithm is better than traditional image fusion method, such as wavelet transform, non-sampled contourlet transform, in in standard deviation, information entropy and Average gradient etc.. the algorithm of this paper is able to preserve the details of image, increase the amount of importance characteristic information, is advantageous to the visual performance and distinguishability of fused image for human observation.

Graphene is a promising candidate material for ultra-broadband photodetectors, as it interacts with light strongly from microwave to ultraviolet. We have characterized terahertz response from monolayer graphene samples deposited on sapphire, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and high-resistivity silicon (HRS) substrates. The transmittance and sheet conductivity, and attenuation of graphene samples were obtained from transmission terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The mechanisms that contribute to the optical response of graphene were quite diverse among the different substrate media used. The results are promising for the development of modulators and switchable photoelectric devices.

FTIR imaging spectrometer has significant meaning in the fields like industrial plume emission monitoring and public security monitoring. In this paper, a LWIR FTIR imaging spectrometer is applied to realize the field gas identification experiment. First, the structure and design of this spectrometer is indicated and discussed. Based on the algorithms research, the related gas identification software is developed. To verify this design, both lab and field experiments are realized. The lab experiment is applied to verify the spectral identification algorithm. The field trial is applied to analyze the gas components, and the results show that this spectrometer can realize the gas elements identification in real time.

Terahertz spectra modulation can be potentially used in the remote sensing. The spectra modulation of terahertz radiation from two plasmas is demonstrated experimentally. With the comparison of the spectra of terahertz radiated from single and two plasmas, the output spectrum of terahertz wave has been proved to be of interference superposition of the two separate terahertz waves. With measurement and analysis of the polarization states of the output terahertz wave, it is fund that the two orthogonal components of THz electric fields have effects on the components involved in the interference of two terahertz waves. The output terahertz radiation from two plasmas is simulated, and the result shows that the distance between two plasmas contributes greatly to the spectrum modulation of terahertz radiation.

As a powerful tool for the research of molecular structure, infrared absorption spectrum has been extensively studied in the field of biomedical photonics. The absorption spectrum of anhydrous glucose in terahertz region has been measured by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The experimental results show that there are many characteristic absorption peaks. The origins of characteristic absorption are generally attributed to intermolecular vibrations and intramolecular torsions. CASTEP quantum chemical calculation software package was utilized to simulate the infrared spectroscopy of glucose crystal structure based on periodic boundary condition and plane wave pseudopotential method. Also, linear response approach and norm conserving pseudopotentials are essential. Besides, the performance of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional has been commendably examined. The theoretical results show that the standard Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approach along with its line Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm tends to be superior. We analyzed the vibration mode corresponding to each characteristic absorption peak with DFT theory. The agreement between theory and experiment indicates that the crystal simulation calculation based on solid-state density functional theory can identify absorption peaks of substance and vibration attribution accurately in terahertz region.

Terahertz time domain spectroscopy system (THz-TDS) is the most commonly means of measuring terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The time delay between the pump and probe laser is an important technology to realize THz time domain spectrum measurement. The translation platform with two mirrors and the mechanical structure is the popular means to adjust the optical path difference between the pump and probe laser to get the time delay of femtosecond pulse. Because of the limit of the mechanical structure and the phase-locked amplifier, this technique can’t scan spectrum fast. In order to obtain high quality signal, a long time will be taken to scan spectrum. So a more rapid and convenient time delay technology is required to Instead of the machine translation platform and accomplish the Rapid spectral measurement. Asynchronous optical sampling technique is a way to get the time delay by producing a very small frequency difference between the repetition frequency of two femtosecond lasers. The scanner time will be reduced, because of there is no waste of time, due to mechanical inertia, not only by using the asynchronous optical sampling method to replace the mechanical structure without the influence of vibration. It will greatly increase the degree of integration by using the fiber femtosecond laser and highly integrated circuit to realize optical asynchronous sampling.

To solve the problem above, a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system based on asynchronous sampling is designed in this thesis. The system is based of two femtosecond laser whose repetition frequency is 100MHz.In order to realize asynchronous sampling, the control circuit of the two lasers is the most important. This thesis focuses on the researching, designing and experiment of this circuit. Firstly, the circuit is designed overall. Then the selection of the key device and the designing of the circuit principle is done by myself. Secondly, the test of the circuit to phase locked the master and slave fiber femtosecond lasers has been done. As a result, the two lasers can phase locked on two repetition frequencies with a small frequency difference calculated by the circuit.

Integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) is a very sensitive method of trace gas measurement. It is widely known as its extremely long optical path and characteristics of direct absorption. Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) is another sensitive measurement method that suppresses noise. We combine the ICOS technique and WMS technique to research the trace gas measurement using a narrow band tunable diode laser. By this method we get several absorption peaks of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. To combine ICOS and WMS the sensitivity of trace gas measurement has a significantly increase.

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is sensitive to probe several aspects of biological systems. In THz frequency, electrically controllable Drude-like intraband absorption makes graphene a promising platform for building graphene-based optoelectronic devices such as THz biosensor. In this work, BSA protein thin films were spin-coated and incubated on single-layer graphene. IR lasers with different power were used as the pump light to stimulate the sandwich-like sample respectively. The graphene monolayer complex conductivity was calculated using the transmission method. The novel optical properties of single-layer graphene and BSA protein on graphene in the THz range will be discussed in this paper.

Terahertz (THz) compressive imaging can obtain two dimensional image with a single or linear detector, which can overcome the bottleneck problem of lacking of THz two dimensional detectors. In this presentation, we propose a method to obtain two dimensional images using a linear detector. A plano-convex cylindrical lens is employed to perform Fourier transform and to encode one dimensional information of an object into wavelengths. After recording, both amplitude and phase information for different frequency at each pixel of the line detector are extracted, two dimensional image of the object can be reconstructed. Numerical simulation demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.

Microfluidic technology can control the fluidic thickness accurately in less than 100 micrometers. So the combination of terahertz (THz) and microfluidic technology becomes one of the most interesting directions towards biological detection. We designed microfluidic chips for terahertz spectroscopy of biological samples in aqueous solutions. Using the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system, we experimentally measured the transmittance of the chips and the THz absorption spectra of L-threonine and L-arginine, respectively. The results indicated the feasibility of performing high sensitivity THz spectroscopy of amino acids solutions. Therefore, the microfluidic chips can realize real-time and label-free measurement for biochemistry samples in THz-TDS system.

Waveguides, which can transmit high frequency electromagnetic waves, have a lot of types, such as microstrip line (MSL), coplanar waveguides (CPW), coplanar-strip-line (CPS) and so forth. In the waveguides mentioned above, CPW has the advantages of easy fabrication and superior performance. Meanwhile MSL also has many advantages such as small size, light weight and high spectral resolution, but it also shows a higher attenuation and dispersion compared with the free-space waveguides. So in on-chip terahertz system, CPW and MSL was used as waveguides to transmit terahertz waves and the HFSS software was used to simulate and analyze the transmission characteristics of the MSL and CPW based on the on-chip system researched by University of Leeds (America) and Hiroshima University (Japan). The simulation results show that the scattering parameters of the two waveguides are similar to the known literatures. Meanwhile we also have designed a new structure of MSL which is applicable for our on-chip system.

Compared with the wide application of liquid crystals (LCs) in the visible frequency band, their properties in the terahertz band have not been investigated extensively yet. In this paper, we have investigated the optical anisotropy of LCs TEB30A and 9023 at room temperature using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The extraordinary and ordinary refraction indices of LC TEB30A are ne≈1.84 and no≈1.65, or a birefringence of 0.19 from 0.5 to 2.2 THz. The extraordinary and ordinary refraction indices of LC 9023 are ne≈1.83 and no≈1.62, or a birefringence of 0.21 from 0.5 to 2.2 THz. LC 9023 exhibits a little larger terahertz birefringence than that of LC TEB30A.

Terahertz (THz) technology has promising applications for the detection and identification of materials because it has a great advantage in measuring material fingerprint spectrum. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a key technique that is applied to spectroscopic measurement of materials. However, it is difficult to press a pellet with small mass of sample and a bulking medium such as polyethylene (PE) powder usually need to be added. Characteristic absorption peaks of the solution in liquid cell is hard to be observed due to the interaction between materials and water molecules. Therefore, one method using the hydrophilic nitrocellulose (NC) membrane as a sample holder was applied to detect samples in an aqueous medium by THz-TDS. In this study, the α-lactose samples were mixed with 20 μl of deionized water and then applied directly onto the double-layered NC membrane sample holder. This mixture is located on the gap of two piece of NC membranes. Firstly the NC membranes with different pore sizes were tested in the experiment. And then the α-lactose solutions with different concentrations were measured on the NC with different pore sizes. Consequently, the small mass of samples can be detected and the characteristic absorption peaks become stronger with the increase of NC pore size. Moreover, compared to the traditional pellet-making and liquid cell detection, this membrane method is more convenient and easy to operate.

Many Biomolecules vibration frequencies are in terahertz (0.1THz-10THz) frequency range, so terahertz (THz) technology is an essential tool for detecting biological molecules. However, due to terahertz strongly absorbed by water, it is difficult to detect these molecules for biological and chemical liquid samples. Therefore, we present a novel detection method by combining terahertz technology with microfluidic technology. The strong absorption of water is effectively overcome by controlling the length that terahertz passes through liquid samples. What’s more, a higher signal to noise ratio is obtained through using less samples. In this paper, we designed a THz microfluidic chip that is easy to be fabricated by using the materials of Zeonor and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using terahertz time-domainspectroscopy (THz-TDS) system, we find that the chip has a high transmittance above 80% in the range from 0.2 THz to 2.6 THz. Then the THz spectra of deionized water and different kinds of solutions with different concentrations in the microfluidic chip were measured, respectively. In our research, it is found that different kinds of solutions have different transmission coefficients for THz. In addition, the THz transmission and absorption spectrum changes with the concentration of the same kind of solution.

In the high speed sliding electrical contact with large current, the temperature of contact area rises quickly under the coupling action of the friction heating, the Joule heating and electric arc heating. The rising temperature seriously affects the conductivity of the components and the yield strength of materials, as well affects the contact state and lead to damage, so as to shorten the service life of the contact elements. Therefore, there is vital significance to measure the temperature accurately and investigate the temperature effect on damage of rail surface. Aiming at the problem of components damage in high speed sliding electrical contact, the transient heat effect on the contact surface was explored and its influence and regularity on the sliding components damage was obtained. A kind of real-time temperature measurement method on rail surface of high speed sliding electrical contact is proposed. Under the condition of 2.5 kA current load, based on the principle of infrared radiation non-contact temperature sensor was used to measure the rail temperature. The dynamic distribution of temperature field was obtained through the simulation analysis, further, the connection between temperature changes and the rail surface damage morphology, the damage volume was analyzed and established. Finally, the method to reduce rail damage and improve the life of components by changing the temperature field was discussed.

Terahertz spectrum is corresponding with vibration and rotation of liquid molecules. It is suitable to identify and research the liquid molecular dynamics. As a powerful spectral detection technology, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz- TDS) is widely used in solution detection. The absorption coefficient, refractive index and dielectric function of solutions can be extracted based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. NaCl exists in most biological tissues, and it is very important for life. In this paper, we detected NaCl solutions with different concentrations at room temperature by THz-TDS technique in the range of 0.2-1.5 THz. The liquid cell with a thickness of 0.2mm is made of quartz. A linear increase of the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function was observed when compared with pure water with increasing concentrations of NaCl solutions. We fitted the terahertz dielectric function of the NaCl solutions by Debye model, Where the dielectric relaxation time can be obtained. By means of dielectric relaxation process, it was found that the characteristic time of molecular movement and the information related to the liquid molecular structure and movement was obtained.

A photo-excited tunable and broad band metamaterial absorber in the terahertz region is proposed. The metamaterial absorber is composed of three layers like the sandwich, the top layer is a ring metal-semiconductor square split ring and the bottom layer is a metallic ground plane, these two layers are separated by a dielectric spacer, which we choose as the polyimide. The conductivity of the silicon can be tuned actively with the incident pump power. We use the full wave simulation and the equivalent circuit parameter to analysis this absorber, and interpreted the phenomena showed when the conductivity of the silicon filled in the gap of ring is changed by the electric field. The proposed equivalent circuit parameter can save more time to design this kind of absorber in need. The proposed photo-excited tunable metamaterial absorber can also be used as terahertz modulators and switches.

We proposed a simple scheme to manipulate the position of the reflected terahertz wave beam based on the prism/liquid crystal structure. Both the stationary-phase method and finite element method are used to analyze and simulate the characteristics of the proposed device. To give comprehensive understanding, the position of the reflected terahertz wave beam is verified in simulation by using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. Numerical calculation results show that the proposed terahertz wave switch a high extinction ratio (35dB for TE polarization and 30dB for TM polarization). This provides an attractive way for creating a simple structure and compact size terahertz wave switch with acceptable extinction ratio.

We present an ultra-compact gate-voltage-controlled terahertz power divider based on graphene plasmonic waveguide, which consists of five graphene ribbons embedded in the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate. We have theoretically explained their mechanisms as bias voltage change induced carrier density of graphene modification and the coupling coefficients of graphene plasmon effect after carrier density change, respectively. The surface plasmonic polariton (SPP) propagation and extinction ratio in the graphene-based device are numerically investigated. The proposed terahertz power divider has a 3dB working band about 0.1THz and its extinction ratio reaches about 39.86dB at the frequency of 7THz. It anticipated that our proposed compact device is potentially interesting for the terahertz wave integrated circuit technology.

Pepper is a kind of important fruit vegetable, with the expansion of pepper hybrid planting area, detection of pepper seed purity is especially important. This research used visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectral technology to detect the variety of single pepper seed, and chose hybrid pepper seeds "Zhuo Jiao NO.3", "Zhuo Jiao NO.4" and "Zhuo Jiao NO.5" as research sample. VIS/NIR spectral data of 80 "Zhuo Jiao NO.3", 80 "Zhuo Jiao NO.4" and 80 "Zhuo Jiao NO.5” pepper seeds were collected, and the original spectral data was pretreated with standard normal variable (SNV) transform, first derivative (FD), and Savitzky-Golay (SG) convolution smoothing methods. Principal component analysis (PCA) method was adopted to reduce the dimension of the spectral data and extract principal components, according to the distribution of the first principal component (PC1) along with the second principal component(PC2) in the twodimensional plane, similarly, the distribution of PC1 coupled with the third principal component(PC3), and the distribution of PC2 combined with PC3, distribution areas of three varieties of pepper seeds were divided in each twodimensional plane, and the discriminant accuracy of PCA was tested through observing the distribution area of samples’ principal components in validation set. This study combined PCA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to identify single pepper seed varieties, results showed that with the FD preprocessing method, the discriminant accuracy of pepper seed varieties was 98% for validation set, it concludes that using VIS/NIR spectral technology is feasible for identification of single pepper seed varieties.

There is no corresponding fingerprint characteristic spectrum detecting complex ensemble biological samples in liquid, in the paper, such urine of kidney disease patients as samples of the research, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy emphatically explores response characteristics of the urine albumin in the terahertz spectrum characteristics, and combined with stoichiometric method, we find a certain kind of relationship between terahertz spectrum data and the content of urine albumin, which offsets the defects of other spectroscopy in measuring liquid protein, and in accordance with hospital clinical data. This study established a semi-qualitative method of using terahertz spectroscopy in detecting non-purification of biological liquid sample, which provides a simple, nondestructive, cheap and fast reference method in identifying the early nephropathy for medical test.

Compared with microwave, THz has higher resolution, and compared with infrared, THz has better penetrability. Human body radiate THz also, its photon energy is low, it is harmless to human body. So THz has great potential applications in the body searching system. Dual-band images may contain different information for the same scene, so THz dual-band imaging have been a significant research subject of THz technology.

Base on the dual-band THz passive imaging system which is composed of a 94GHz and a 250GHz cell detector, this paper researched the preprocessing and fusion algorithm for THz dual-band images. Firstly, THz images have such problems: large noise, low SNR, low contrast, low details. Secondly, the stability problem of the optical mechanical scanning system makes the images less repetitive, obvious stripes and low definition. Aiming at these situations, this paper used the BM3D de-noising algorithm to filter noise and correct the scanning problem. Furthermore, translation, rotation and scaling exist between the two images, after registered by the intensity-base registration algorithm, and enhanced by the adaptive histogram equalization algorithm, the images are fused by image fusion algorithm based on wavelet. This effectively reduced the image noise, scan distortion and matching error, improved the details, enhanced the contrast. It is helpful to improve the detection efficiency of hidden objects too. Method in this paper has a substantial effect for improving the dual-band THz passive imaging system’s performance and promoting technology practical.

Lidar is short for light detection and ranging, which is a tool to help measuring some useful information of atmosphere. In the recent years, more and more attention was paid to the research of wind measurement by lidar. Because the accurate wind information can be used not only in weather report, but also the safety guarantee of the airplanes. In this paper, a more detailed signal model of wind measurement lidar is proposed. It includes the laser transmitting part which describes the broadening of the spectral, the laser attenuation in the atmosphere, the backscattering signal and the detected signal. A Voigt profile is used to describe the broadening of the transmitting laser spectral, which is the most common situation that is the convolution of different broadening line shapes. The laser attenuation includes scattering and absorption. We use a Rayleigh scattering model and partially-Correlated quadratic-Velocity-Dependent Hard-Collision (pCqSDHC) model to describe the molecule scattering and absorption. When calculate the particles scattering and absorption, the Gaussian particles model is used to describe the shape of particles. Because of the Doppler Effect occurred between the laser and atmosphere, the wind velocity can be calculated by the backscattering signal. Then, a two parameter Weibull distribution is used to describe the wind filed, so that we can use it to do the future work. After all the description, the signal model of coherent wind measurement lidar is decided. And some of the simulation is given by MATLAB. This signal model can describe the system more accurate and more detailed, so that the following work will be easier and more efficient.

In order to analyze the scattering characteristics of suspended particles in water, a detail research about the intensity distribution of scattering light based on T-matrix theory is presented in this paper. Two kinds of suspended particles: alga and sands are taken into consideration and three kinds of non-spheroid shape model: spheroid, finite circular cylinder and generalized Chebyshev are simulated. The relationship between intensity of scattering light and scattering angle, complex refractive index of suspended particle, wavelength of incident light, size, etc. are calculated. Numerical results show that most scattering light mainly focus on the forward direction and there is a decreasing trend with the increase of scattering angle and wavelength. And when the particles size and the wavelength of incident light changes, the scattered light intensity is significantly changed accordingly for all shape models.

Terahertz (THz) radiation has the higher penetration to clothing, cardboard boxes, plastic packaging materials and other similar dielectrics. Its lower photon energy compared with X-rays make the detected material and the human being to be not destroyed. THz application in field of security are developed by many countries. In this research, we present a multiband of passive terahertz imaging by the thermal radiation measurement. The Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference（NETD） is obtained. The result shows that NETD of the passive imaging system is 0.8K at 94 GHz, and 1.5K at 250GHz. We found that the main source of noise is the noise from detection circuit. Finally, the improvement methods of detecting sensitivity are analyzed and discussed.

High resolution THz inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging for the aircraft is simulated using 0.22THz stepped-frequency (SF) radar system which is designed in the paper. Based on the small rotate angle and the far field approximation, the Range-Doppler algorithm is proposed to reconstruct THz ISAR image of the aircraft. The simulation results indicate that THz stepped-frequency radar can achieve high resolution ISAR images of the aircraft, the resolution of the ISAR images can reach centimeter-scale, which laid a theoretical foundation for radar imaging in THz band.

Signal processing is one of the main parts of any radar system. Different signal processing algorithms are used to extract information about different parameters like range, speed, direction etc, of a target in the field of radar communication. This paper presents LFM (Linear Frequency Modulation) pulsed radar signal processing algorithms which are used to improve target detection, range resolution and to estimate the speed of a target. Firstly, these algorithms are simulated in MATLAB to verify the concept and theory. After the conceptual verification in MATLAB, the simulation is converted into implementation on hardware using Xilinx FPGA. Chosen FPGA is Xilinx Virtex-6 (XC6LVX75T). For hardware implementation pipeline optimization is adopted and also other factors are considered for resources optimization in the process of implementation. Focusing algorithms in this work for improving target detection, range resolution and speed estimation are hardware optimized fast convolution processing based pulse compression and pulse Doppler processing.